Publication Ethics

Duties of Authors

1. Originality and Plagiarism
   Authors must ensure that their work is entirely original. Proper acknowledgment of the work of others must always be given. Plagiarism in all its forms constitutes unethical publishing behavior and is unacceptable.
2. Multiple or Concurrent Publication
   Authors should not submit the same manuscript to more than one journal concurrently. Submitting the same work to multiple journals constitutes unethical behavior.
3. Acknowledgment of Sources
   Authors must properly cite all sources that have influenced their work.
4. Authorship of the Paper
   Authorship should be limited to those who have made a significant contribution to the conception, design, execution, or interpretation of the study.
5. Disclosure and Conflicts of Interest
   All authors should disclose any financial or other conflicts of interest that may influence the results or interpretation of their manuscript.
6. Fundamental Errors in Published Works
   If an author discovers a significant error in their published work, it is their obligation to promptly notify the journal editor and cooperate to retract or correct the paper.

Duties of Editors

1. Publication Decisions
   The editor is responsible for deciding which articles submitted to the journal should be published, based on the validity of the work and its importance to researchers and readers.
2. Fair Play
   Editors evaluate manuscripts for their intellectual content without regard to race, gender, sexual orientation, religious belief, ethnic origin, citizenship, or political philosophy of the authors.
3. Confidentiality
   Editors must not disclose any information about a submitted manuscript to anyone other than the corresponding author, reviewers, and publisher.
4. Conflict of Interest
   Editors must not use unpublished materials disclosed in a submitted manuscript for their own research without the author’s explicit written consent.

Duties of Reviewers

1. Contribution to Editorial Decisions
   Peer review assists the editor in making editorial decisions and may also assist the author in improving the manuscript.
2. Promptness
   Reviewers should notify the editor if they feel unqualified to review the manuscript or unable to complete the review in a timely manner.
3. Confidentiality
   Manuscripts received for review must be treated as confidential documents.
4. Objectivity
   Reviews should be conducted objectively. Personal criticism of the author is inappropriate.
5. Acknowledgment of Sources
   Reviewers should identify relevant published work that has not been cited by the authors.
6. Conflict of Interest
   Reviewers must not review manuscripts in which they have conflicts of interest.